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GB/T 40993-2021《消费品召回 效果评价》国家标准解读
消费品召回 国家标准解读 退回率比值
2022/6/21
召回的目的是消除消费品中存在的不合理危险,保障消费者人身和财产安全。召回效果主要体现在实现召回目的的程度,以及实施召回所产生的相关影响。召回效果评价能够促使生产者采取有效措施尽可能召回受影响消费品,同时为生产者及时改进召回策略,为监督管理机构客观、科学评价召回活动提供技术依据。
谈售价金额核算法下零售企业对用友U8的应用
零售企业 售价核算法 用友U8 销售成本结转
2018/11/16
零售企业因其业务特点多采用售金额核算法进行存货核算,售价金额核算法下的业务处理与进价核算法下的业务处理存在较大差别,尤其是已销商品进销差价的计算和销售成本的结转。为了让零售企业更好地使用用友U8进行存货核算,有必要从账套初始化、销售成本结转、销售收入的价税分离等方面对其电算化应用进行全面分析。
Testing Savings Product Innovations Using an Experimental Methodology
Saving Financial Instruments Innovation and Invention
2015/5/13
This review presents an overview of the current research on clusters and cluster-based economic development. It is organized in three parts: First, it takes a look at the conceptual foundations of the...
The Flattening Firm and Product Market Competition:The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Corporate Hierarchies
Trade Managerial Roles Organizational Change and Adaptation Organizational Design
2015/5/12
This paper establishes a causal effect of product market competition on various characteristics of organizational design. Using a unique panel-dataset on firm hierarchies of large U.S. firms (1986-199...
Competing with Complementors:An Empirical Look at Amazon.com
Competition Multi-Sided Platforms
2015/4/28
Platform owners sometimes enter complementors' product spaces to compete against them directly. Prior studies have offered two possible explanations for such entries: Platform owners may target the mo...
Improving Store Liquidation
Business Exit or Shutdown Financial Condition Operations Retail Industry
2015/4/28
Store liquidation is the time-constrained divestment of retail outlets through an in-store sale of inventory. The retail industry depends extensively on store liquidation, not only as a means for inve...
Quality Provision,Expected Firm Altruism and Brand Extensions
Brands and Branding Consumer Behavior Product Development Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact Quality Mathematical Methods
2015/4/24
This paper studies quality choice in a model where consumers expect firms to act altruistically. It is shown that, under plausible assumptions regarding this altruism and the reaction of consumers to ...
Female Empowerment: Impact of a Commitment Savings Product in the Philippines
Saving Microfinance Personal Finance Decision Making Microeconomics Gender Characteristics Power and Influence Philippines
2015/4/23
Female "empowerment" has increasingly become a policy goal, both as an end to itself and as a means to achieving other development goals. Microfinance in particular has often been argued, but not with...
Endowments,Fiscal Federalism,and the Cost of Capital for States:Evidence from Brazil,1891-1930
Trade Cost of Capital Revenue Sovereign Finance Goods and Commodities
2015/4/22
There is a large amount of literature that aims to explain what determines country risk (defined as the difference between the yield of a sovereign's bonds and the risk free rate). In this paper, we c...
Contracting for Servicizing
Customer Focus and Relationships Contracts Market Transactions Service Delivery Service Operations Sales
2015/4/22
Servicizing, a novel business practice that sells product functionality rather than products, has been touted as an environmentally beneficial business practice. This paper describes how servicizing t...
The Architecture of Platforms: A Unified View
Market Platforms Multi-Sided Platforms Industry Clusters Infrastructure Technology Networks Technology Platform
2015/4/22
The central role of "platform" products and services in mediating the activities of disaggregated "clusters" or "ecosystems" of firms has been widely recognized. But platforms and the systems in which...
The 'Fees → Savings' Link,or Purchasing Fifty Pounds of Pasta
Price Profit Spending Consumer Behavior Retail Industry
2015/4/20
Many consumers have had the experience of entering discount membership clubs to make a few purchases, only to leave with enough pasta to outlast a nuclear winter. We suggest that the presence of membe...
商品市场指数化投资的方法及其影响
期货市场 指数化投资 商品指数基金 商品指数期货
2011/8/23
以商品指数基金和商品指数期货为代表的指数化投资在世界期货市场占有越来越大的比重,对世界期货市场产生了深刻的影响。中国期货市场正处于快速发展的阶段,指数化投资对中国期货市场的市场拓展和产品创新具有重要意义。本文探讨商品市场指数化投资的主要形式及其对市场的影响,以期为推动并规范中国期货市场指数化投资提供理论和经验借鉴。
宁波市外商直接投资环境综合评价
外商直接投资(FDI) 环境 评价
2012/9/25
文章综述了宁波市外商直接投资环境的研究成果,运用因子分析方法对宁波及其同类型城市(如苏州、杭州等)的外商直接投资环境进行综合评价,并对其环境优化问题进行动态分析与比较。提出改善宁波外资环境的对策,希望能增强宁波对国外投资的吸引力,提高宁波利用外资的规模和质量,形成区域经济发展良性化道路,这对促进宁波区域经济的长期发展有着十分重要的指导意义。
Constrained NonSmooth Utility Maximization on the Positive Real Line
NonSmooth Utility Maximization Positive Real Line
2010/10/22
We maximize the expected utility of terminal wealth in an incomplete market where there are cone constraints on the investor's portfolio process and the utility function is not assumed to be strictly ...